What is the purpose of the airtightness test before starting a stainless steel or carbon steel reaction vessel?

The airtightness test before commissioning of stainless steel and carbon steel reactors is to ensure that the reactors have good sealing performance before being put into formal use, preventing leaks or safety accidents during operation. The airtightness test is a crucial step in the manufacturing and installation process of reactors. By testing the sealing of the tank body, welds, flanges, manholes, and pipe connections, it ensures that it meets design requirements and operating conditions. The main purpose of the airtightness test is to verify the reactor's airtightness and prevent material leakage. Reactors are typically used to handle toxic, flammable, explosive, or corrosive materials; even a small leak can lead to environmental pollution, personnel poisoning, or fire and explosion accidents. Through the airtightness test, potential leaks can be detected and repaired in a timely manner, ensuring the safe operation of the reactor.

The airtightness test also tests the structural strength and welding quality of the reactor. During the test, the reactor is filled with compressed air or inert gas and pressurized to 1.05 to 1.1 times the design pressure. After maintaining this pressure for a certain period, the pressure is checked for a drop. If the pressure drops, it indicates a leak or structural defect, requiring further inspection and repair. Airtightness testing also verifies the sealing performance of flanges, valves, and pipe connections. Reactors typically have multiple flange connections and valves, which are high-risk areas for leaks. Airtightness testing ensures that all connections maintain good sealing performance under high pressure, preventing material leakage due to seal failure during operation.

Airtightness testing also provides safety assurance for subsequent operation of the reactor. Reactors may experience drastic temperature and pressure changes during operation; insufficient sealing performance can easily lead to leaks or explosions. Airtightness testing allows for the early detection and resolution of potential problems, ensuring safe operation of the reactor under complex conditions. Furthermore, airtightness testing verifies whether the manufacturing and installation quality of the reactor meets relevant standards and specifications. The manufacturing and installation of reactors must adhere to strict process flows and quality control requirements; airtightness testing is a crucial means of verifying that these requirements are being implemented. The test results will serve as an important basis for the acceptance and commissioning of the reactor, ensuring that it meets design and usage requirements.