What are the core design requirements for high-pressure storage tanks?

The core design requirements for high-pressure storage tanks revolve around safety, structural integrity, and operational reliability. The design must first meet stringent pressure vessel codes, such as ASME BPVC VIII Div.1/2 or GB/T 150, ensuring structural stability at higher operating pressures (MAWP) and design temperatures. Pressure parameter determination must consider static liquid column pressure, dynamic pressure fluctuations, and potential water hammer effects. The design pressure is typically 1.1-1.25 times the operating pressure, with a sufficient safety factor. Structural design must optimize stress distribution, using finite element analysis to verify stress concentration in the shell, heads, and perforation reinforcement areas to avoid localized yielding or fatigue failure. Material selection must be compatible with the characteristics of the stored medium; corrosive media require corrosion-resistant materials or linings, while cryogenic conditions require materials with good low-temperature toughness.

Safety protection design includes multiple pressure relief devices (combination of safety valves and rupture discs), emergency shut-off systems, and leakage monitoring systems. Discharge capacity calculations must cover extreme conditions such as fires to ensure timely discharge in case of overpressure. For flammable and explosive media, explosion-proof zone zoning requirements must be met, and electrical equipment must meet the corresponding explosion-proof rating. Operational and maintainability requirements are reflected in the design of manhole locations, internal accessibility, and cleaning systems; large storage tanks must consider the feasibility of on-site welding. Seismic design requires dynamic analysis based on site seismic parameters to ensure no overturning or pipeline breakage under seismic loads. Environmental adaptability requirements include wind protection, lightning protection, and corrosion protection measures; coastal areas require enhanced salt spray protection. Life-cycle management must consider the establishment of inspection channels to facilitate online inspection and acoustic emission monitoring.